Wednesday, November 14, 2018

Sleep, Presentations, and Gene Therapy


Today I began my day by browsing through the top articles from USA Today. This class has helped me make connections form the knowledge that I am learning to the latest research and breakthroughs that are being published about these topics. For instance, one aspect that is garnering more attention is the snowballing effect that stems from lack of sleep. The main finding reported in this article is the alarming number of teens and young adults that are turning to sleep aids because of inability to fall asleep naturally. It was reported that “less than 3 percent of teens get the recommended 8 to 9 hours of sleep a day stemming from multiple reasons”. This has led an increased number trying different avenues to quell the inability to sleep. They found that 28 percent have turned to some kind of over-the-counter, prescription, or natural remedies.  This can be a particularly harrowing discovery because a significant number of these teens did not go to the doctor to receive medical help, rather, relying on self-diagnostic techniques. To tie this back to Ayurveda, when our body does not receive the adequate sleep physical composition of brain and other organs changes slightly and the body tries to compensate. However, when these behaviors persist, they can lead to more worrisome disease. It is in our best judgement to give our bodies the adequate sleep so they can carry out the normal functions without relying on outside medications.
Another article published by the New York Times grabbed my attention with only its title, “Is sleep a luxury that college students cannot afford?” This article was extremely different from the majority of the dense figure-driven articles that are prevalent in the field. It mentioned that a whopping 75-94% of college students get less than the recommended dosage during the weekday school schedule.  This staggering lack of sleep attributes to complex physical, mental, and emotional complications that indicate the body and soul are combined.
Along with reading through the news to stay in touch with the latest studies, another way that I’ve learned beneficial information is through presentations. During class there were two presentations that discussed information that seemed extremely interesting. There two presentations pertained to the screen time before bed and CTE. In the first presentation, the presenter mentioned that “blue-screen time right before bed has the same effect on neural blood flow as drinking a cup of coffee”. This was not surprising because from personal experience, sleep quality has decreased when technology has been used immediately before bedtime. This discovery has led to personal changes in my pre-sleep schedule where after 10P.M.
Following the presentation about screen time, the most intriguing presentation was about CTE. It is a disease caused by repeat impacts on the brain which damages the proteins and leads to similar effects as Alzheimer’s or other devastating brain diseases. Another interesting aspect of research presented was the fundamental difference between the two. In CTE individuals the symptoms did not have a late-onset pattern. Instead there were instances of 17-year-old deceased individuals that CTE was a determining factor in their deaths. This is entirely different from dementia, Alzheimer’s, and other disease which show a characteristic late onset of the disease. All of these brain issues have similar symptoms and that is because they all exhibit similar aggregation of amyloid fibers.
After the poster presentation we progressed into the topic of gene therapy. Individual research into gene therapy yielded increased understanding about the enormity of the field. A podcast recommended by SUU facility member was the main source of education for self-help learning of gene therapy. In this podcast, it discussed the use of gene therapy in women during pregnancy by investigating the use of harmless viruses to carry copies of a gene to a fetus that lacks those specific genes. This has been only studied in monkey’s but is looking to make the jump to human trials within the next couple of years. This technological advance would help provide an answer to a myriad of diseases developed in the womb (such as Tay-Sach’s) and allow healthier pregnancies.
Additional research through the NIH National Library of Medicine yielded more in-depth results. In the many scientifically-dense papers, there were multiple informational items that provided excellent insight. The first is the use of gene therapy as a preventative type of medicine and also directly treat diseases. Insertion of genes are used as a way to treat the displacement misplaced genes or lack thereof. The research article was a prototype that had me insert my body, height, ethnicity and then identified me according to other common sequences.
The focus of the discussion in class was based on the ethical and moral debate for use of gene therapy. The benefit as discussed above is to devise systems ensuring healthier humans and through further understanding of genetic material more specific uses in healthcare will be granted. For example, gene therapy can and is being used to produce marijuana plants that produce less THC and more of another protein that is responsible for the anti-inflammatory aspect of marijuana. However, the viewpoint that has provided substantial footing for being against gene therapy. It is the theory that with this new idea and technology humans can “Play God”, by creating and designing a genetically favored child.
Although there is a push to develop this technology, not a lot of experts have communicated the risks that come from gene therapy. There are quite the number discussed in class that include immune system complications, over-expression of protein, DNA introduced into reproductive cells, and vector viruses that infect more than one type of cell. Although right now it seems like gene therapy seems like the answer there are always problems that arise and some of these risks are those problems. Overall, I think that gene therapy will hold some use in our medical system, but further study and understanding of its effects need to occur first.

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